ABSTRACT
Nowdays it is established that ischemic brain damage like ischemic stroke is one of the leading cause of death and disability in the population that assumes relevance development of anti-ischemic drugs. The work studied the anti-hypoxic and anti-ischemic effect of 7 plant extracts. Antihypoxic activity was assessed on models of hypobaric, hypercapnic, histotoxic, hematotoxic hypoxia. Anti-ischemic activity of test-extracts was studied on the focal cerebral ischemia model. Administration of Tagetes patula, Gaillardia pulchella, Sorbaria sorbifolia, Grossularia reclinata, Ribes nigrum, Rubus caesius and Lysimachia punctata extracts contributed to the necrosis zone reduction by 56.6% (p<0.05); 37.3% (p<0.05); 73.2% (p<0.05); 49.4% (p<0.05); 42.5% (p<0.05); 85.5% (p<0.05); 44.2% (p<0.05) and also restored aerobic metabolism in brain tissue. Test - objects increased of the animal lifespan under hypoxia conditions. Based on the data obtained, it is assumed that further studies of North Caucasus flora plant extracts as cerebro-protective agents are promising.
Hoy en diÌa, se ha establecido que el danÌo cerebral isqueÌmico, como el accidente cerebrovascular isqueÌmico, es una de las principales causas de muerte y discapacidad en la poblacioÌn lo cual hace relevante el desarrollo faÌrmacos antiisqueÌmicos. En este trabajo se estudioÌ el efecto antihipoÌxico y antiisqueÌmico de siete extractos de plantas. La actividad antihipoÌxica se evaluoÌ en modelos de hipoxia hipocraÌtica, hipercaÌpnica, histotoÌxica y hematotoÌxica. La actividad antiisqueÌmica de los extractos de prueba se estudioÌ en el modelo de isquemia cerebral focal. La administracioÌn de los extractos de Tagetes patula; Gaillardia pulchella; Sorbaria sorbifolia; Grossularia reclinata; Ribes nigrum; Rubus caesius y Lysimachia punctata contribuyeron a la reduccioÌn de la zona de necrosis en un 56,6% (p<0,05); 37,3% (p<0,05); 73,2% (p<0,05); 49,4% (p<0,05); 42,5% (p<0,05); 85,5% (p<0,05); 44.2% (p<0.05), respectivamente, ademaÌs, de restaurar el metabolismo aeroÌbico en el tejido cerebral. Comparado con el control, se observoÌ un aumento en el tiempo de sobrevida del animal en condiciones de hipoxia. Sobre la base de los interesantes datos obtenidos, se sugiere estudios adicionales de extractos de plantas de la flora del CaÌucaso Norte como agentes protectores del cerebro.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Rats , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Brain Ischemia/drug therapy , Hypoxia/drug therapy , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Adenosine Triphosphate/analysis , Rats, Wistar , Lactic Acid/analysis , Pyruvic Acid/analysis , Mice, Inbred BALB CABSTRACT
Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to study the effects of various medium components on biomass production by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N. This strain is commonly used in the pharmaceutical and food industries due to its beneficial effect on the human gut and general health. The best medium composition derived from RSM regression was (in g/l) glucose 15.44, sodium pyruvate 3.92, meat extract 8.0, potassium phosphate 1.88, sodium acetate 4.7, and ammonium citrate 1.88. With this medium composition biomass production was 23 g/l of dry cell weight after 18 h of cultivation in bioreactor conditions, whereas on MRS the yield of biomass was 21 g/l of dry cell weight. The cost of 1 g of biomass obtained on MRS broth was calculated at the level of 0.44 whereas on the new optimal medium it was 25 percent lower. It may be concluded then, that the new medium, being cheaper than the control MRS allows large scale commercial cultivation of the L. rhamnosus strain. This study is of relevance to food industry because the possibility to obtain high yield of bacterial biomass is necessary step in manufacturing of probiotic food.
Subject(s)
Pyruvic Acid/analysis , Biomass , Food , Food Industry , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/isolation & purification , Probiotics , Dietary Supplements/analysis , Food Microbiology , Food Samples , Methodology as a Subject , Methods , MethodsABSTRACT
A time course study on the sublethal toxicity of CuSO4 on tissue carbohydrate metabolites level and their phosphatases activity in Achatina fulica revealed differential response. The levels of total carbohydrates and glycogen in the body mass muscle, foot muscle and hemolymph revealed their involvement in the endogenous derivation of energy during stress. The same metabolites in digestive gland revealed its importance to reproduction and development. The lactate accumulated in all the tissues implied the mechanism of CuSO4 toxicosis in the metabolic acidosis. The decrease of pyruvate in foot muscle, body mass muscle and hemolymph inferred the preponderance of glycolysis in energy derivation. In contrast, the pyruvate concentration in digestive gland revealed its differential response in the stress metabolic sequence of changes, as a unique tissue. The lactate/pyruvate ratio and the calcium content in tissues constitute direct evidences for the snails adaptation to toxic stress.
Subject(s)
Animals , Carbohydrate Metabolism , Copper Sulfate/toxicity , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Emetics/toxicity , Glycogen/metabolism , Lactic Acid/analysis , Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/drug effects , Pyruvic Acid/analysis , Snails/physiology , Tissue DistributionABSTRACT
As larval trematodes live within tissues of their molluscan hosts and indulge in asexual reproduction on a phenomenal scale, it is not surprising that snail tissues show biochemical changes. Levels of tissue glycogen, lactate, pyruvate and LDH[1] isoenzyme were measured in extracts of whole soft tissues of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails, specific molluscan hosts of Schistosoma mansoni. Moreover, assay of adenine nucleotides [ATP, ADP and AMP] and inorganic phosphate [Pi] was established to evaluate the adenylate energy charge [AEC] and the phosphate potential in trematode-infected snails. These parameters were measured in infected snails over four weeks, at weekly interval post exposure to S. mansoni miracidia and compared to age-matching non-exposed snails. The highest lactate/pyruvate concentration ratio with the lowest LDH[1], isoenzyme activity and glycogen level were observed two weeks post exposure. In addition, the lowest ATP content, ATP/ADP and ATP/AMP concentration ratios were also recorded at the same duration post exposure. The energy charge does not co-vary with ATP level but was slightly manipulated within the non-stressed range, while phosphate potential as a direct measure of oxygen consumption was significantly altered within 1[st], 2[nd] and 3[rd] weeks post exposure. This study clarify the most characteristic pattern of changes induced by the developing parasite. Moreover it reflects the need for an efficient glycolytic flux in the B.alexandrina snails to ensure survival and further development of S mansoni parasite